Sigmund Freud Paper

Many trust Freud to be the dad of current psychiatry and brain science and the main specialist of any value. He is absolutely the most notable figure, maybe on the grounds that sex assumed such a conspicuous job in his framework. There are different clinicians, notwithstanding, whose speculations request aware thought. Erik Erickson, conceived Eric Homburger, whose speculations while not as tantalizing as Freud’s, are similarly as sound. This paper will think about the two incredible men and their frameworks. Furthermore, this paper will contend that Freud offers the more valuable establishment for understanding the Jenny Masterson’s befuddled mind. Sigmund Freud gave indications of freedom and splendor a long time before entering the University of Vienna in 1873. He had an immense memory and adored perusing to the point of running himself into obligation at different book shops. Among his preferred creators were Goethe, Shakespeare, Kant, Hegel and Nietzsche. To maintain a strategic distance from interruption of his examinations, he regularly ate in his room. After clinical school, Freud started a private work on, represent considerable authority in anxious disarranges. He was before long confronted with patients whose clutters appeared well and good. For instance, a patient may have lost inclination in his foot with no proof to any tangible nerve harm. Freud thought about whether the issue could be mental as opposed to physiological. Dr. Freud developed as he rewarded patients and dissected himself. He recorded his appraisal and elucidated his hypotheses in 24 volumes distributed somewhere in the range of 1888 and 1939. In spite of the fact that his first book, The Interpretation of Dreams, sold just 600 duplicates in its initial eight years of distribution, his thoughts steadily started to pull in devoted adherents and understudies †alongside an incredible number of pundits. While investigating the conceivable mental foundations of anxious issue, Freud went through a while in Paris, concentrating with Jean Charcot, a French nervous system specialist from whom he learned mesmerizing. On come back to Vienna, Freud started to spellbind patients and empowering them while under entrancing to talk transparently about themselves and the beginning of their manifestations. Frequently the patients reacted uninhibitedly, and after surveying their past, turned out to be very disturbed and upset. By this procedure, some observed their side effects reduced or ousted totally. It was along these lines that Freud found what he named the â€Å"unconscious. Sorting out his patients’ records of their lives, he concluded that the loss of feeling in one’s hand may be brought about by, state, the dread of contacting one’s privates; visual deficiency or deafness may be brought about by the dread of hearing or seeing something that may excite sorrow or misery. After some time, Freud saw several patients. He before long perceived that spellbinding was not as accommodating as he had first trusted. He along these lines spearheaded another method named â€Å"free affiliation. † Patients were advised to unwind and state whatever rung a bell, regardless of how humiliating or unessential. Freud accepted that free affiliation created a chain of imagined that was connected to the oblivious, and frequently excruciating, recollections of youth. Freud called this procedure therapy. Basic Freud’s psychoanalytic impression of character was his conviction that the brain was much the same as an icy mass †its vast majority was escaped see. The cognizant mindfulness is the piece of the chunk of ice that is over the surface yet beneath the surface is an a lot bigger oblivious locale that contains emotions, wishes and recollections of which people are generally uninformed. A few contemplations are put away briefly in a preconscious territory, from where they can be recovered freely. Nonetheless, Freud was progressively keen on the mass of thought and feeling that are subdued †coercively hindered from cognizant idea since it would be too difficult to even think about acknowledging. Freud accepted that these curbed materials unknowingly apply an amazing impact on conduct and decisions. Freud accepted that fantasies and slips of tongue and pen were windows to his patient’s oblivious. Meddlesome musings or apparently paltry mistakes while perusing, composing and talking recommended to Freud that what is said and done mirrors the working of the oblivious. Jokes particularly were an outlet for communicating curbed sexual and forceful propensities. For Freud, nothing was coincidental. Freud accepted that human character, communicated feelings, strivings, and convictions emerge from a contention between the forceful, joy chasing, natural motivations and the social limitations against their demeanor. This contention among articulation and restraint, in manners that bring the accomplishment of fulfillment without discipline or blame, drives the advancement of character. Freud separated the components of that contention into three connecting frameworks: the id, inner self and superego. Freud didn't propose another, na? ve life systems, yet considered these to be as â€Å"useful guides to understanding† the mind’s elements. The id is a store of oblivious clairvoyant vitality that constantly works to fulfill essential drives to endure, replicate and aggress. The id works on the delight standard †if unconstrained, it looks for immediate satisfaction. It is exemplified by another conceived kid who shouts out for fulfillment the second it feels eager, drained, awkward †absent to conditions, wishes, or desires for his condition. As the youngster figures out how to adapt to this present reality, his conscience creates. The sense of self works on the truth rule, which looks to oversee the id’s motivations in reasonable manners to achieve delight in down to earth ways, maintaining a strategic distance from torment all the while. The sense of self contains mostly cognizant observations, musings, decisions, and recollections. It is the character official. The self image referees between imprudent requests of the id, the controlling requests of the superego and the genuine requests of the outer world. Around age 4 or 5, a child’s self image perceives the requests of the recently rising superego. The superego is the voice of inner voice that powers the conscience to consider the genuine as well as the perfect. Its attention is on how one ought to carry on. The superego creates as the youngster disguises the ethics and estimations of guardians and culture, in this way giving both a feeling of right, off-base and a lot of beliefs. It takes a stab at flawlessness and judges our activities, delivering positive sentiments of pride or negative sentiments of blame. Somebody with an especially solid superego might be consistently upstanding and socially right yet amusingly harbor blame , another with a frail superego might be wantonly liberal and callous. Since the superego’s requests regularly restrict the id’s, the sense of self battles to accommodate the two. The virtuous understudy who is explicitly pulled in to somebody and joins a volunteer association to work close by the ideal individual, fulfills both id and superego. Investigation of his patients’ narratives persuaded Freud that character structures during a person’s initial barely any years. Over and over his patients’ side effects appeared established in uncertain clashes from youth. He inferred that kids go through a progression of psychosexual stages during which the id’s delight looking for energies center around particular joy delicate regions of the body he called â€Å"erogenous zones. † During the â€Å"oral stage,† normally the initial year and a half, an infant’s sexy delight centers around sucking, gnawing, and biting. During the â€Å"anal stage,† from around year and a half to 3 years, the sphincter muscles become touchy and controllable, and inside and bladder maintenance and disposal become a wellspring of delight. During the phallic stage, from generally ages 3 to 6 years, the joy zones move to the private parts. Freud accepted that during this stage young men look for genital incitement and create oblivious sexual wants for their moms alongside envy and scorn for their dad, whom they think about an opponent. Young men feel unrecognized blame for their contention and a dread that their dad will rebuff them, for example, by maiming. This assortment of sentiments he named the â€Å"Oedipus Complex’ after the Greek legend of Oedipus, who unconsciously killed his dad and wedded his mom. Initially Freud conjectured that females encountered an equal â€Å"Electra complex. † However, in time Freud adjusted his perspective, saying, (1931, p. 229): â€Å"It is just in the male kid that we locate the pivotal mix of affection for the one parent and concurrent contempt for the different as an opponent. † Children in the end adapt to these undermining sentiments by curbing them at that point relating to and attempting to become like the opponent parent. Through this recognizable proof procedure children’s superegos gain quality as they consolidate a large number of their parents’ values. Freud accepted that ID with the equivalent sex parent gives our sex character †the feeling of being male or female. With their sexual emotions subdued and diverted, kids enter an inertness stage. Freud kept up that during this idleness period, reaching out from around age 6 to adolescence, sexuality is torpid and youngsters play for the most part with companions of a similar sex. At pubescence, inertness offers path to the last stage †the genital stage †as young individuals experience sexual sentiments towards others. In Freud’s see, maladaptive conduct in the grown-up results from clashes uncertain during prior psychosexual stages. Anytime in the oral, butt-centric, or phallic stages, solid clash can bolt, or focus, the person’s joy looking for energies in that stage. Therefore individuals who were either orally enjoyed or denied, maybe by sudden, early weaning, may focus at the oral stage. Orally focused grown-ups are said to display either detached reliance (like that of a nursing baby) or a misrepresented forswearing of this reliance, maybe by acting intense and macho. They

Normal Health Parameters And Effective Communication - Samples

Questions: Q1. Typical wellbeing parameters. Give a short layout of what is required in an essential wellbeing appraisal and diagram the wellbeing parameters (Blood Pressure, Temperature, Respirations, Pulse pace) of a grown-up (matured 30-40) for that age gathering? Q2. Depict the distinctions in ordinary wellbeing parameters (Blood Pressure, Temperature, Respirations, Pulse rate) for-1) the more established grown-up (matured 72 as in the video gave); and 2) the kid matured 6-10? Q3. Utilizing the Effective Communication Techniques on p.19 - 26 in the endorsed content (Estes et al., 2016), distinguish which successful correspondence methods were used in the video, and utilizing extra writing to help your focuses clarify how these procedures were viable? Answers: 1. Essential wellbeing evaluation is the underlying consideration plan that is centered around the need of the patient in a talented medicinal services office (Riley 2015, p.53). This is commonly done by watching the patients crucial signs and indications (Crisp et al. 2017, p.47). The parameters that are commonly checked in this strategy are Blood pressure which decides the weight of blood in the circulatory depression, it is around 12/80nnHg for ordinary grown-ups of 25-40 age gathering. The following essential sign is checking internal heat level which is typical at 37C, for grown-ups. Decay in wellbeing influences the temperature which can be addresses or further explored. Respiratory rate is another imperative sign that may demonstrate inconvenience in cardiovascular yield of the heart. The typical range is 12-20 breaths for every moment (bpm); any adjustment demonstrates that the heart is failing. In the gave video the medical caretaker tends to all the angles when she builds u p a correspondence with the patient. The specialist checked for aviation route blockages, flow yield, inability and uncover too. It is imperative to build up a two way correspondence successfully between the patient and thenursing staff. This should be possible by showing restraint neighborly and mindful to the patients needs. The attendant additionally altogether experienced the patients clinical history and related with the data gave by the past handover nurture, which is a decent indication of powerful clinical practice. 2. The indispensable indications or wellbeing parameters of patients vary from one another in light of the fact that, these parameters are influenced by sexual orientation, age ecological elements et cetra. As indicated by study report gave by The American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) in 2011, the normal BP for patients matured 60-79 is 140-90nnHg (Aronow et al., 2015 p.2). The video gave is 72 and supposedly has 120/70mmHg BP, which is lower than ordinary which could be because of the way that the patient has ischemic coronary illness. In youngsters, 6-10, the BP is 109-117mmHg for young men and 108-114nnHg for young ladies (Fleming et al., 2011, p.2). Internal heat level is all around same for kids also older patients, as it the natural temperature wherein any living creature develops. The patient in the video gave no indications of raised temperature. Typical respiratory rates for old patients ran from 12 to18 bpm for those without disease and16 to 25 bpmfor those getting long haul care (OHartaigh et al., 2015, p.18). A respiratory rate of20 or more bpm, similar to instance of the video,indicates that the patient has tachypnea and needs emergency clinic care. The permitted beat rate for older patient reaches from 60-100 bpm generally and for youngsters is 75-115 bpm. 3. Viable correspondence is imperative to keep up persistent commitment and perform with great clinical practice (Riley 2015, p.231). It is the medical attendants obligation to connect with the patient in successful correspondence and cause them to feel great, a great method to do this by rehearsing a meeting based correspondence. Certain components impact persistent meeting, similar to, approach by which an attendant is contacting the patient. This correspondence needs to respectful, clear and basic, which the medical attendant is by all accounts following in the video. Another factor is condition, which causes the patient to feel great to share his/her experience, issue et cetra, the patient seems, by all accounts, to be agreeable in the emergency clinic setting and the medical attendant has great listening abilities which consoles the patient (Estes et al., 2016, p.22). Care must be taken when managing youngsters and older as they require more consideration. Keeping the certainty of a patient is essential to build up trust and connect with the patient in clinical preliminaries. Numerous laws and rules have been controlled to control security of a person in a medicinal services setting. It is essential to takes notes during a clinical evaluation to reflect later and give helpful data to the home handover nurture, which the medical caretaker is by all accounts recording the imperative sign reports after her registration (Estes et al., 2016, p.22). The medical caretaker is by all accounts patient and sets aside abundant effort to finish her registration, which is significant in human services settings as, surged or rushed choice can cause clinical blunders. The medical attendant ought to have no inclination or assumptions with respect to the patient, or their condition. References: Aronow, W. S. (2015). Circulatory strain objectives and focuses in the elderly.Current treatment choices in cardiovascular medicine,17(7), 33. Fresh et al., (2017). Potter and Perrys Fundamentals of Nursing, Australian and New Zealand Edition (5e). Elsevier, Chatswood. Estes et al., (2016). Wellbeing Assessment and Physical Examination. Australian and New Zealand second Edition. Cengage Learning Fleming, S., Thompson, M., Stevens, R., Heneghan, C., Plddemann, A., Maconochie, I., ... Mant, D. (2011). Ordinary scopes of pulse and respiratory rate in youngsters from birth to 18 years old: a deliberate survey of observational studies.The Lancet,377(9770), 1011-1018. OHartaigh, B., Pahor, M., Buford, T. W., Dodson, J. A., Forman, D. E., Gill, T. M. (2014). Physical action and resting beat rate in more seasoned grown-ups: Findings from a randomized controlled trial.American heart journal,168(4), 597-604. Riley, J. B. (2015). Correspondence in nursing. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Some Tips On How To Write Essay For College

Some Tips On How To Write Essay For CollegeHow to write an essay for college is actually a question that is often asked by students who want to graduate from high school or from college. A degree in hand means a bright future ahead of you. You want to know the right ways on how to compose an essay to get into your chosen college.First and foremost, you need to be aware of the basics of writing. Students learn writing skills in school, but they usually do not have a clue about how to write an essay on their own. The main idea is to write an essay that will not only be impressive but also interesting to read. So when you come across the question of how to write an essay for college, what are the key points that you should know?The first thing that you need to do is to pick a topic for your essay. Make sure that it is a topic that you are familiar with. Keep in mind that there are some topics that will be easier to write than others. For example, if you are a history buff, you may find it easy to write an essay on world history.It is also a good idea to pick a general topic so that you can cover many aspects of your chosen subject. If you have a certain area of interest, you can use it as the basis for your essay. Otherwise, you need to have enough information on your hands so that you can write an effective essay.There are other tips on how to write an essay for college. First, you need to choose the right style for your intended topic. You need to be aware of the language that you should use to express yourself.A good tip to remember is that you do not have to write an essay all at once. It is also a good idea to start writing the first draft of your essay earlier to get feedback. Just write a few sentences to get the idea of what you will be writing and then work on it for a few days.Another tip is to be ready for your college career. While you cannot change the past, you can always take advantage of it. For example, if you graduated from a public high school, you may face difficulties because of poor grades. But, you need to have the right attitude because you do not have to prove yourself.Finally, having the correct grammar is crucial. You need to be a grammatical whiz if you want to be successful with your future college career. Just remember these simple tips and you can get the answers you are looking for.

A Comparative Analysis Of On Property Owning Democracy

Frederick Olmos Ceja Professor William R. Lund History of Political Philosophy II May 12, 2015 Final Essay Essay Question # 6 Property Owning Democracy: A Comparative Analysis to Marxian Communism John Rawls is an American political philosopher, born and raised in Baltimore, Maryland. His work contributed towards a better understanding of justice as fairness and author of the book that bears the same title. In his manuscript, Justice as Fairness, Rawls introduces a new political philosophy known as property owning democracy. When analyzing his work he descries the tenants of this new political theory. In an effort to understand Rawls vision of a property owning democracy, it is crucial to implement a comparative analysis to contrast Rawls vision with that of Marxian communism. Karl Marx was a German political philosopher who believed that he had created a system of government, which he believes would lead a utopia. Karl Marx creation is communism, a political philosophy that is a strictly hypothetical political system in which, governmental affairs, economic policies, and the social realms are combined into what Marx describes as a â€Å"perfect, classless, automatic, governm ent-less system based on common ownership of all economic means of production, and social sameness.† To compare and contrast both political philosophies one must first understand each author’s conceptions of their theories, see their real world applications, and figure out which political philosophy seem toShow MoreRelatedThe Human Race937 Words   |  4 Pagesimportantly the right to free freely?† through a comparative framework developed on the exemplary works of Marx and Tocqueville. Commencing with ‘Democracy in America’, Tocqueville uses this platform to show the differences in democracy and aristocracy or alienation and disalienation. 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Pornography The Easy Accessibility Of Pornography And...

The easy accessibility of pornography and long term exposure to it from an early age can lead to damaging views about women or even correlate with violence and sex crimes. Young males especially are targeted and pressured by peers and society to consume porn and throughout time, may become desensitized to the brutality, violence and degradation depicted in it. Now that does not necessarily mean every male will go out and commit a sex crime, but it has been studied that males who view porn frequently have less empathy for rape victims and may exhibit aggressive behavior and or hold negative opinions about women. In order for these increasingly negative attitudes towards women, the policies and regulations surrounding how easy it is to find porn, very much need to be altered. Pornography can play a major role in affecting the brains of young males who watch it, and by result can influence them to be violent towards women. As technology has progressed and with the internet flourishing over the past 20 years, in comes the inevitable chance of finding porn. A computer with internet access can typically be found in almost every household in the country, and thus –the increase of porn exposure. For males in particular who are more likely to search for it, pornography becomes available at every corner of the web by a simple Google search to a free porn site, or even in advertisements. The porn exposure typically begins at an early age, â€Å"9 out of 10 boys are exposed to pornographyShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Pornography In America1755 Words   |  8 PagesPornography in America is a growing problem. In a survey from the late 2000s, 34% of adult men were regular pornography consumers (Wright, 2013). The web boasts an estimated 700m-800m individual pornography webpages. One of the biggest pornography outlets, Pornhub had 80 billion video viewings last year, and more than 18 billion visits (Naked Capitalism, 2015). With the increases of pornography, comes the increase in negative problems and effects associated with it. Pornography consumption affectsRead MoreA National Security Threat : Cybercrime1989 Words   |  8 Pagesthis area. Many prominent classical Sociologists have contributed towards the social thoughts on cybercrime in our society. Durkhiem stressed up on the scientific approach and viewed a higher rate of crime as inevitable for modern organic society. In terms of Marx, crime arose as a symptom of the contradictions within capitalism. Over a decade ago, Grabovsky wondered what was new about cybercrime, whether it was not merely an old phenomenon making use of new tools. Majid Yar categorizes it accordingRead MoreCyber Threat, Its Scope And Its Impact On National Security2043 Words   |  9 Pagesarea. Many prominent classical Sociologists have contributed through their social thoughts on cybercrime in our society. Durkhiem stressed up on the scientific app roach and viewed a higher rate of crime as inevitable for modern organic society. In terms of Marx, crime arose as a symptom of the contradictions within capitalism. Over a decade ago, Grabovsky wondered what was new about cybercrime, whether it was not merely an old phenomenon making use of new tools and technologies. Majid Yar categorizesRead MoreSin Tax in the Philippines4297 Words   |  18 Pagesand spur about 1 million adults to quit, but the sharp hike has some smokers fuming. Cigarette taxes, detractors argue, are a way for governments to line their coffers by legislating personal choice--and a prime example of a regressive sin tax, the term often used for fees tacked on to popular vices like drinking, gambling and smoking. The sin tax is an established tactic. 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Advantages of Sole Trader-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Conduct research into the industry and/or product that your client wishes to participate in with respect to the type of business structures that are most prevalent in the Industry. Answer: Introduction: A sole trader is the structure under which individual is responsible to conduct the operations of the business. For example- sole trader is not able to share debts and losses of the business with others, and they enjoy all the profits of the business. This business structure is the simplest and inexpensive form of structure which can be chosen by the individual at the initial stage of the business. Context related to corporation is completely different from sole proprietorship because members of the corporation are the owners and business is managed by the directors (Business, 2017). This report states the advantages, disadvantages, and scope of both the structures that is sole trader and corporation. This report further states whether sole proprietorship is appropriate for Penny Grey or not. Lastly, this paper is concluded with brief conclusion. About sole proprietorship: Generally, Sole proprietorship is the business structure which has no separate existence from its owner, and income and losses of this structure are taxed under the personal income tax return of the individual. This form of business is simple to operate, and under this structure individual is responsible to conduct the operations of the business. Usually, sole proprietorship refers to the individual who is considered as the owner of the business, and such individual is personally liable for the debts of the business. This form of business is operated under the name of the owner of the business, and owner can also conduct the business under fictitious name. It must be noted that such fictitious name does not separate the business from the owner (ALG, n.d.). This form of business is popular because of its low cost, less regulations, easy setup, and simplicity. For the purpose of conducting business under sole proprietorship, individual must register the name and get local license. There is also one disadvantage of this form that is, sole trader is personally liable for all the debts of the firm. Therefore, when sole proprietorship faces financial consequences then creditors file case against the owner of the business. In case creditors won the case then owner is personally liable towards them (ASIC, n.d.). It is clear, that sole proprietorship does not have separate legal entity from its owners, and it has both advantages and disadvantages which are stated below: Advantages of sole trader: It is the simplest form of business, and if individual initiate the operations of the business with his own name then such individual is not under obligation to register the name of the business. Therefore, this form of business is more ideal at the initial stage of the business. Sole trader is the only owner of the business, and controls the operations of the business. There is no obligation on sole trader to take permission of others for taking any decision related to management issue. This business is also simple in the context of tax and accounting. In other words, there is no obligation on business owner to file separate tax return of the business, because all the income of the business is taxed under the personal return of the owner. Owner also gets advantage to deduct the cost of operating the business from the income earned by the business (Business Victoria, n.d.). As compared to other form of business, sole proprietorship is less expensive in nature, and it requires less set up amount. Sole proprietor enjoys the freedom of making the business decisions because he is the only one who is responsible for conducting the operations of the company, and it results in quick decision making process (ATO, n.d.; ATO, 2016). Disadvantages of Sole proprietorship, and how corporates are different from Sole Proprietorship: There are number of advantages of sole proprietorship which makes this business more appealing in nature, but there are some disadvantages also which must be kept in mind while choosing this business. Some of these disadvantages are stated below: The most important disadvantage of this business is that business is not a separate legal entity from its members, which means owner of the business is personally liable for the debts of the business. There is no separation between business assets and personal assets. In other words, creditors can file case against the owner of the business for the debts and liabilities of the business. This disadvantage prevents the owner of the business to take further risk for the expansion and diversification of the business. In Corporations, there is clear separation between the personal assets and business assets of the business, which make the corporation more suitable form of business at the time of expansion and diversification of the business. Section 1.5.1 of the Corporation Act 2001 states that, companies has separate legal existence from its owners. This can be understood through case law Peate v Federal Commissioner of Taxation. In this case Court stated that Company was considered as new legal entity in the eyes of law. As stated, there is no difference between the sole proprietor and its owner, and after the death of the owner there is no one who conducts the operations of the business, which means with the end of the owner business also ends. However, in some cases owner make the future plan and hier representative who continue the operations of the business. On the other hand in corporations, business enjoys the perpetual existence, which means that business does not end with the death of the owner. This can be understood through case law Re Noel Tedman Holdings Pty Ltd. (1967) QdR 561. In this case, both shareholder and director died but still existence of company is continued. Corporations have number of ways to raise money for the purpose of conducting operations of the business, and the easiest way available to them is to issue shares. This means corporations offer partial ownership of the company in exchange of money, and such money can be used to expand the business. On the other hand, sole trader does not have shares to offer and they are not able to sell the ownership of the company. Sole proprietorship is able to raise money like other business structures. It must be noted that there is no separation between the personal assets and business assets and because of this owner mortgage their personal property for the purpose of getting loan. In case business of the company fails, and owner does not have enough money to pay the loan then lender has right to take the personal assets of the owner (Business, 2017). In the present case, penny Grey wants to expand her business and expansion of business required funds. Therefore it is more beneficial for her to choose corporate rather than sole proprietorship. The other disadvantage of sole proprietorship is less capital, which means that sole trader is not able to arrange large amount of money for the purpose of conducting the business operations of the company. Sole proprietorship does not have enough investors who invest money in the idea of the owner. On the other hand, corporations can easily raise high amount of capital because there are number of investors who can raise money for the business. If Penny Grey chooses corporate as business structure then it becomes simple for her to arrange capital through investors or by selling the shares of the company. Sole trader is the only individual who makes the decisions of the business, but it has some disadvantages also such as lack of experts advice. In this form of business, owner is the only person who is responsible for all his decisions. For the purpose of expanding the business, Penny required advice of experts and support for making the decisions. If she holds sole proprietorship, it is not possible for her to get support in decision making process. After considering above advantages and disadvantages, it is clear that sole proprietorship is better for initial stage of the business, but this structure is not appropriate when preferences of the owner changed. In case, owner of the business wants to expand the business then they must consider other options too (SMH, 2007). Corporation: There are number of factors which influence various aspects of business, and it includes how profit and liability are divided, payment related to taxes, and who controls the business. If owner wants to expand the business, then it is beneficial for owner to choose corporation instead of partnership or sole proprietorship. Some factors are stated below which help the owner to decide the appropriate structure for the purpose of expanding their business. Business can be restructured for the purpose of meeting the financial goals and other objectives also. Owner must choose that structure which improves the profitability and cash flow of the business and for this purpose corporation is more suitable option. Business can be restructured when it becomes necessary to reorganize the internal functions of the business. For example-sales and marketing, for the purpose of improving the operations of their business. Owner can also restructure their business when they decide to diversify or expand their business. Such as, when they decide to expand their business overseas or decide to expand the functions related to products and services. Therefore, this change is necessary for ensuring growth and for this change corporation is the most suitable form of structure. As stated in the present case, Penny Grey runs business of outdoor fitness as a sole trader, and she managed this business with the help of young family members. Now, she wants to expand her business, and for this purpose she needs advice. As stated above, sole proprietorship is the structure which suits at the initial stage of the business, but it is not appropriate at the time of expansion of business. Therefore, it is advisable to Mrs. Penny Grey that she can adopt corporation structure for conducting the operations of their business. Shareholders are the owners of the corporation, who get advantage from the profits earned by the company. On the other hand, sole proprietorship is owned by one person only who gets all the profits of the business, and also responsible for all the losses of the business. Corporation is considered as most complex structure of business and it has number of set-up regulations, but this form of structure offers high number of rewards as compared to other form of structures. Protection from liability- the biggest benefit provided by corporation is protection against liability, which is not offered by other forms of business. Corporation is considered as separate legal entity, and law separates the business assets and personal assets in this form of structure. In this, there is no risk on the personal assets of shareholders if company fails to pay the liability of the creditors. This can be understood through case law Salomon V A Salomon And Co Ltd [1897] AC 22. In this case, Court stated that corporate was separate legal entity from its owners. In case of sole proprietorship and partnership, owners of the business are liable for the debts of the business and their personal assets are also at risk (Business, 2017). Therefore, Penny can choose this structure because it reduces the risk of liability in case company incurred losses. Penny can secure her personal assets by choosing corporation structure and expand her business with less or minimum risk. Raising funds- as compared to other form of structures, corporations can easily raise the funds for the purpose of conducting projects and operations. There are number of ways through which corporations can raise funds such as corporations can sell their ownership in part, raise loans by mortgaging the assets of the business, other investors, etc.. This can be understood through case law Trust Company of Australia Ltd v Commissioner of State Revenue [2007] VSC 451. As stated above, for business expansion Penny required funds on different stages of business, and for this purpose she can also sell the partly ownership of her company. In corporations, it is easy to transfer the interest in ownership to the third parties, and it does not affect the continuance operations of the business. In case of sole proprietorship and partnership it is not easy to sell the complete business, because it directly affects the operations of the firm. Not only assets are transferred but licenses and permits are also transferred which makes this task more difficult. Tax Benefits- there are number of benefits in context of tax are available to corporations, but these benefits are not available to sole proprietorship and partnership. Tax returns of corporations are not clubbed with the returns of shareholders, both shareholders and corporations files separate tax returns. Shareholders pay taxes on salaries, dividends, and bonus earned by them from the corporation (Business, 2017). Penny is not liable to pay tax on the profits earned by the company, and she is only liable to pay tax on her income only Conclusion: This report contains detailed discussion related to sole proprietorship and other alternatives for Penny Grey for the purpose of expanding their business of outdoor fitness. Sole proprietorship is the structure which suits at the initial stage of the business, but it is not appropriate at the time of expansion of business. After considering the comparison between corporation and sole trader, it is clear that corporation is better for expanding the business almost in every way. Therefore, it is advisable to Mrs. Penny Grey that she can adopt corporation structure for conducting the operations of their business. References: ALG. Business Structures. Available at: https://www.shopify.in/guides/australia/business-structures. Available at 17th August 2017. ASIC. Choosing a business structure. Available at: https://asic.gov.au/for-business/your-business/your-business-structure/. Available at 17th August 2017. ATO, (2016). Choosing your business structure. Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/Business/Starting-your-own-business/Before-you-get-started/Choosing-your-business-structure/. Available at 17th August 2017. ATO, (2016). Sole Trader. Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/business/starting-your-own-business/before-you-get-started/choosing-your-business-structure/sole-trader/. Available at 17th August 2017. Business Victoria. Sole trader. Available at: https://www.business.vic.gov.au/setting-up-a-business/business-structure/sole-trader. Available at 17th August 2017. Business, (2017). Company. Available at: https://www.business.gov.au/info/plan-and-start/start-your-business/business-structure/business-structures-and-types/company. Available at 17th August 2017. Business, (2017). What are the set-up steps and costs. Available at: https://www.business.gov.au/info/plan-and-start/start-your-business/business-structure/change-business-structure/sole-trader-to-a-company/difference-between-a-sole-trader-and-a-company/what-are-the-set-up-steps-and-costs. Available at 17th August 2017. Business. (2017). Business structure. Available at: https://www.business.gov.au/info/plan-and-start/start-your-business/business-structure. Available at 17th August 2017. Peate v Federal Commissioner of Taxation (1964) 111 CLR 44. Re Noel Tedman Holdings Pty Ltd. (1967) QdR 561 Salomon V A Salomon And Co Ltd [1897] AC 22. Trust Company of Australia Ltd v Commissioner of State Revenue [2007] VSC 451. SMH, (2007). Advantages and disadvantages of operating as a sole trader. Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/small-business/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-operating-as-a-sole-trader-20090619-cpvm.html. Available at 17th August 2017.

Web Page Essays - Web Design, Graphic Design, Communication Design

Web Page We are standing on the precipice of a new culture? Sceptical, questioning connected with the world, thirsting for information and change. Technology is driving society at a pace unparalleled in history creating new attitudes, interrelationships, and global awareness. A new consumer is emerging, suspicious of traditional media sources, incredulous of advertising, and contemptuous of the contrived the hyped, the false. This consumer is not easily persuaded by clever graphics or manipulated by fads in design. In order to integrate all aspects of a ?brands' presentation on a web-site, the designer must move beyond form, colour and type and embrace the comprehensive impact of design. Enhanced awareness of the world; deeper, broader thinking about problems and opportunities; a respect for the historical roots of and formal conventions of design; planning and diligent study are required to create interesting global web-site designs. What? subject: Web site design on the Internet Focus: Web site design in the future. Objectives: To identify web-site designs that work, and to identify the reasons to why they work. Why? With the increasing number of web-sites that are coming online daily, in order for them to work, they are more dependent on good design for attracting readership than print is. How? By examination of the most frequently visited web-sites, and although a historical approach with reference to print in design. Section Two Design is the Answer What? Web sites need to be far better designed than anything in the print medium, due to the very interdisciplinary nature of the web-site. Why? Because a magazine with even minimum design gets its information across to the reader. You buy it because you care about the issues in its headlines, if you want more you jump inside, ?print' by its nature is a tactile phenonenom; touch, smell and accessibility, and it is for that reason it will never die. But web-sites are purely visual and aural, one screen at a time. Encouraging the viewer to go beyond the first layer, even learn where to go for what is required is a common problem for designers. It is their job to bring the viewer inside through the "Dance of the seven veils",and once inside, guide them, not to confuse or frustrate them. How? Web-sites that work are sites that do what you want it to do. They do not insult your intelligence, but neither do they obfuscate. They must indicate the wealth of material lying beneath the first page, but also offer you options and alternate means of approach. The answer may lie in better selling of the ?land' ? in urban planning, to use a metaphor. The solutions to timeless internet problems ? navigation, access to information ? will be provided by design. Good design means; pertinent information, content, good ?surfing', exploring, and gathering. The designer is the Web's real pathfinder. How does the designer achieve this goal? By drawing up an agenda for good web design. Section 3 and 4 Where does good web design come from? I believe that the principles print informed quality print design for hundreds of years and that these principles are equally valid online. TEN RULES OF DESIGN FOR THE WEB 1. Put content on every page. Design should not be decoration. It must convey information. Or entertainment. Content should come to the surface on every single level. Avoid useless and confusing icons, e.g. a navigation bar that has a ? for help. Make sure the content is easy to read quickly. Break the text into smaller segments. On the web people are in a hurry. They want the information they are looking for quickly, like a dictionary, that's still what the web is really about. 2. The first colour is white 3. The second colour is black 4. The third colour is red. This is a basic rule that has been around for 500 years. In Print white is the absence of all colours. White makes the best background. Black holds the highest contrast to white; therefore it is the first choice for text. And red draws the viewer in, and defines the image. 5. Never letterspace l o w e r c a s e When this is done the natural rhythm of the letters, so carefully designed by font designer, is ruined. In design if you look at what you do today, it should look like what you want to do tomorrow. 6. Never set a lot of text IN ALL CAPS Fonts were not intended to be all set in caps. They were intended to be upper